Loan Guides • FHA
Guides · FHA Loan Guide

FHA Loan Guide

Built to help people get in the door sooner. This guide breaks down how FHA loans work: minimum down payment, mortgage insurance, credit, and when FHA can be a smart on-ramp toward long-term homeownership.

Great for buyers with limited down payment Often more flexible with credit and debt-to-income Insured by the Federal Housing Administration (FHA)
Smart calculators for real-life FHA decisions
Use the monthly payment calculator to test FHA scenarios in real time — price ranges, taxes, insurance, and MIP. Then we can review the results together and see how they fit your comfort zone and long-term plan.
Coaching insight

Who an FHA loan is usually a good fit for

FHA loans are insured by the Federal Housing Administration and were created to help more people buy homes with smaller down payments and more flexible credit guidelines.

They may be a good fit if you:

  • Have limited savings but steady income and want a low minimum down payment.
  • Have credit that’s rebuilding or includes some past bumps.
  • Need a program that can sometimes allow a higher debt-to-income ratio.
  • Are buying a primary residence (FHA is not for second homes or true investment properties).
  • Care more about getting into the right home than about having the lowest possible long-term MI cost on day one.

FHA may be less ideal if you have strong credit, solid reserves, and 5–10% or more to put down. In those cases, we’ll usually compare Conventional side-by-side to see which is more efficient over the next 5–10 years.

How it works

Minimum down payment & FHA mortgage insurance

Minimum down payment

  • Most FHA buyers can qualify with as little as a 3.5% down payment on a primary residence.
  • Some scenarios may require 10% down or more based on credit history and guideline details.

Upfront mortgage insurance premium (UFMIP)

  • FHA includes an upfront mortgage insurance premium that is usually financed into the loan amount.
  • That means your starting loan balance is often a bit higher than your purchase price minus down payment.

Monthly mortgage insurance (MIP)

  • FHA also charges an ongoing monthly mortgage insurance premium on top of your principal and interest.
  • How long MIP stays in place depends on your down payment and loan term and current FHA rules.
  • In many cases, FHA mortgage insurance can stay for a very long time unless you refinance into a different loan type later.

Big picture: FHA is designed to make getting in the door easier. Part of our planning is thinking through whether FHA is the best starting point and if/when a future refinance to Conventional might make sense.

Approval basics

Credit score & debt-to-income: why FHA can be forgiving

Credit score

FHA is often more flexible with lower or rebuilding credit than Conventional. That doesn’t mean “anything goes,” but it does mean past late payments, collections, or shorter credit histories may still be workable with the right structure.

Debt-to-income (DTI)

FHA can sometimes allow a higher DTI than Conventional when the rest of your file supports it. Automated underwriting looks at the full picture: income type, credit history, reserves, and more—not just one number in isolation.

The goal isn’t to “push your ratios to the max.” The goal is to find an FHA structure that fits your actual life and budget, even if the guidelines would allow you to stretch further.

Property & occupancy

What kinds of homes work with FHA?

FHA loans can be used on a variety of primary residences, including:

  • Single-family homes (detached houses)
  • Condos and townhomes in FHA-eligible communities
  • Planned unit developments (PUDs)
  • 2–4 unit properties when you live in one of the units as your primary home

FHA is not meant for second homes or pure investment properties. That said, a 2–4 unit property you occupy can still be part of a long-term wealth strategy if the numbers make sense. That’s something we can model out together.

Compare options

Pros & trade-offs vs. Conventional and other loans

Where FHA often shines

FHA can be powerful when you need flexibility more than perfection:

  • You’re working with a smaller down payment.
  • Your credit is recovering or still in progress.
  • You need a program that may allow a higher DTI.
  • You want an entry point now, with the option to refinance later.
Where Conventional or VA/USDA might help

Conventional may win on long-term cost if your credit and down payment are strong. VA and USDA can be extremely powerful if you’re eligible. The honest conversation is: Which option gets you into the right home with the right risk and the right runway?

When we build your plan, we’ll usually show FHA vs. Conventional (and VA/USDA when applicable) so you’re not choosing based on rules of thumb or something you heard in a short video.

Real-world example

Buyer with limited down payment and rebuilding credit

Example scenario (for education only)

Imagine a buyer with a mid-600s credit score, a solid job, and 3.5–4% saved for a down payment and closing costs. They’ve done the work to get current on debts, but their score isn’t yet where Conventional pricing looks great.

In a case like this, we might compare:

  • FHA 3.5% down with upfront and monthly MIP
  • Conventional 5% down (if available) with PMI that could eventually drop
  • Monthly payment, total cash to close, and a 5–7 year game plan

Sometimes FHA is clearly the best “first step,” with a refinance to Conventional later. Other times, a buyer is closer to Conventional-ready than they realize, and a small change in credit or debts tips the scales.

Next steps

What to have ready when we look at FHA options

You don’t have to be perfectly organized to start. These items simply help us move faster and give you clear numbers:

  • Income details – recent pay stubs and W-2s, or self-employed documentation.
  • Assets – where your down payment and closing costs will come from (bank, gift, retirement, etc.).
  • Any recent credit events – late payments, collections, or life events that might show up on your report.
  • Comfortable payment range – what truly fits your budget, not just what the system says you can qualify for.
  • Timeline – roughly when you’d like to move and how long you expect to be in the home.

Want to rough in numbers before we talk? You can use my mortgage payment calculator to test estimated payments at different price points, taxes, insurance levels, and rate scenarios. It’s for estimates only — we’ll still build your actual FHA plan using live pricing, full guidelines, and your complete application.

The goal is not just “Can you get approved for FHA?” It’s: Does this FHA plan move you toward the bigger picture for your family and finances?

Smart questions

Questions to ask about any FHA quote

As you look at FHA numbers, these questions help cut through the noise:

  • What’s my total monthly payment, and what can change over time? (Taxes, insurance, MIP, HOA, etc.)
  • How much of my payment is tied to FHA mortgage insurance, and for how long?
  • What would it take to refinance into a Conventional loan later? (Credit score, equity, timeline)
  • How does this FHA option compare to Conventional/VA/USDA for my actual numbers?

If you can answer those clearly, you’re already ahead of most buyers in understanding how FHA fits into your long-term plan.

Ready to see if FHA is the right starting point for you?
We’ll take your numbers, your comfort zone, and your timeline—and show you how FHA stacks up against Conventional and other options in plain English.
This guide is for general educational purposes only and does not constitute a commitment to lend or a full summary of all program guidelines. Eligibility, terms, and pricing depend on your complete application, credit profile, property, and current program availability. All loans subject to approval. Equal Housing Lender.