Loan Guides • Specialty & Non-QM
Guides · Specialty & Non-QM Loan Guide

Specialty & Non-QM Loan Guide

Not every strong borrower fits perfectly inside the Conventional, FHA, VA, or USDA box. This guide explains the world of specialty and non-qualified mortgage (Non-QM) loans—what they are, when they can help, and the trade-offs you’ll want to understand before moving forward.

For borrowers with complex income, recent credit events, or unique properties Includes options like bank statement, DSCR, asset-depletion, interest-only, ITIN and more Usually carries different pricing and requirements than agency loans
Coaching insight

Who specialty & Non-QM loans are usually a good fit for

Specialty and Non-QM loans are not “better” or “worse” than agency loans—they’re simply different tools. They’re designed for borrowers whose situations are sound but don’t check every agency box.

They may be a strong fit if you:

  • Have recent credit events (such as a bankruptcy, foreclosure, or short sale) but strong current income and reserves.
  • Are self-employed or an investor with complex income streams or write-offs.
  • Have substantial assets or liquidity but lower reportable income.
  • Are purchasing a non-warrantable condo, unique property, or higher-risk asset that agency guidelines don’t like.
  • Are using an Individual Taxpayer Identification Number (ITIN) instead of a Social Security number.

If you comfortably fit into Conventional, FHA, VA, or USDA guidelines, we’ll generally start there first. Specialty and Non-QM are most useful when the standard boxes don’t work—or don’t tell the full truth about your strength as a borrower.

How it works

Common types of specialty & Non-QM loans

Not every lender offers every program, but some of the more common Non-QM structures include:

  • Bank statement loans – Qualifying income based on 12–24 months of deposits instead of tax returns. (See the dedicated Bank Statement Loan Guide.)
  • DSCR investor loans – Investment property loans underwritten primarily to the property’s Debt Service Coverage Ratio. (See the DSCR & Investor Loan Guide.)
  • Asset-depletion / asset-qualifier loans – Use certain assets to calculate an income stream for qualifying.
  • Interest-only options – Focus on lower initial payments, often used for shorter-term holds or cash-flow strategies.
  • ITIN programs – For borrowers who have an ITIN instead of a Social Security number, subject to program availability.
  • Recent credit event programs – For buyers who have had a major credit event but can show strong current capacity and reserves.

Each of these has its own rules, risk profile, and pricing. The real work is matching your situation to the least risky, most sustainable structure that still gets you where you’re trying to go.

Approval basics

Credit, pricing & risk: what really changes with Non-QM

Credit & documentation

Non-QM investors usually look for clear, current strength: recent on-time payments, reasonable overall leverage, and documentation that supports the story (even if it’s not in standard form). The more transparent and well-documented your file is, the more options we tend to have.

Pricing & structure

Because specialty loans carry more risk or complexity, they typically come with higher interest rates and costs than agency loans. They may also require larger down payments and reserves. The right question isn’t “Is the rate higher?”—it’s “Does this structure move my plan forward in a way that still makes sense?”

A good Non-QM strategy keeps an eye on both the short-term opportunity (getting in) and the longer-term path (how and when you might transition back to more traditional financing, if appropriate).

Property & occupancy

What kinds of properties work with specialty & Non-QM loans?

Depending on the program and investor, specialty and Non-QM loans may be available for:

  • Primary residences – For buyers who live in the home but don’t fit standard guidelines.
  • Second homes – Vacation or part-time-use properties.
  • Investment properties – Including 1–4 unit properties and DSCR-style structures.
  • Condos and non-warrantable condos – Where the project doesn’t meet agency condo rules.
  • Some unique or mixed-use properties, subject to specific program guidelines.

Property type and occupancy will drive minimum down payment, reserve requirements, and pricing. One of the first steps is simply aligning the property you want with the lane that will treat it best.

Compare options

Pros & trade-offs vs. Conventional, FHA, VA and DSCR

Where specialty & Non-QM can shine

These programs can be powerful when they’re used intentionally:

  • You can act now on a purchase or strategy instead of waiting years for guidelines to line up.
  • You can qualify using more realistic income measures (deposits, DSCR, assets, etc.).
  • You can finance properties or scenarios that agency loans simply don’t allow.
Important trade-offs

In exchange, you’ll typically see:

  • Higher interest rates and costs than standard loans.
  • Stronger reserve and down payment requirements.
  • More variation from investor to investor—what’s available today may change over time.

A well-thought-out plan usually compares Non-QM vs. agency options vs. waiting, so you can choose with eyes wide open rather than feeling boxed in by the calendar.

Real-world example

Borrower with a recent credit event using a Non-QM bridge

Example scenario (for education only)

Imagine a high-earning professional who experienced a major life event that led to a bankruptcy two years ago. Today their income is strong, debts are under control, and they have meaningful savings—but agency guidelines still require more seasoning time.

In a case like this, we might compare:

  • A Non-QM program that allows earlier access to financing, with higher pricing but a clear path forward.
  • Waiting until agency seasoning periods are met and using a Conventional or FHA loan instead.
  • A strategy that pairs today’s Non-QM loan with a future refinance if and when it becomes beneficial.

The goal isn’t to rush into a higher-cost loan just because it’s available. It’s to decide whether the benefit of moving now outweighs the cost and risk, based on your actual plans.

Next steps

What to have ready when we explore specialty & Non-QM options

Because Non-QM files are more customized, having a clear picture up front helps us give you meaningful guidance quickly:

  • Income details – W-2s, 1099s, tax returns, or a high-level summary of your business and deposits.
  • Assets & reserves – checking, savings, retirement, and other accounts.
  • Credit history overview – especially any major events and when they occurred.
  • Property goals – primary vs. second home vs. investment, and what you’re hoping this property will do for you.
  • Timeline – how long you plan to keep the loan and the property.

From there, we can map out a short list of realistic options and talk through how each one impacts payment, cash to close, flexibility, and your bigger financial story.

Smart questions

Questions to ask about any specialty or Non-QM quote

These questions help you cut through the noise when comparing Non-QM options:

  • What makes this loan “Non-QM” or specialty? (Underwriting approach, documentation, or both.)
  • How do the rate, costs, and reserves compare to agency options?
  • What assumptions are being made about my income, assets, or future plans?
  • What’s the plan for the next 5–7 years? (Stay, refinance, or reposition?)
  • What are the main risks if the market or my situation changes?

When you can answer those clearly, you’re not just taking “the only loan you can get”—you’re choosing a tool that fits your season, with a plan for what comes next.

Ready to see if a specialty or Non-QM loan fits your plan?
We’ll look at your full picture—income, assets, credit, and goals—and compare Non-QM options to your other paths in plain English.
This guide is for general educational purposes only and does not constitute a commitment to lend or a full summary of all program guidelines. Specialty and non-qualified mortgage (Non-QM) loans may involve higher interest rates, costs, and risks than standard agency loans and may not be suitable for all borrowers. Eligibility, terms, and pricing depend on your complete application, credit profile, property, and current program availability. All loans subject to approval. Equal Housing Lender.