Loan Guides • VA
Guides · VA Loan Guide

VA Loan Guide

Built to honor service with powerful benefits. This guide breaks down how VA loans really work: zero-down possibilities, the VA funding fee, credit guidelines, and when a VA loan can be your strongest option.

For eligible Veterans, service members & some surviving spouses $0 down on many primary homes, no monthly mortgage insurance Backed by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA)
Smart calculators for real-life VA decisions
Use the monthly payment calculator to test VA scenarios in real time — price ranges, taxes, insurance, and how rolling the VA funding fee into the loan affects your payment. Then we can review the results together and see how they line up with your budget and timeline.
Coaching insight

Who a VA loan is usually a good fit for

VA loans are a benefit earned through military service. They’re designed to make homeownership more accessible and sustainable for eligible Veterans, active-duty service members, certain Reservists and National Guard members, and some surviving spouses.

They may be a strong fit if you:

  • Have VA eligibility based on your service history, discharge type, and time in service.
  • Want to minimize cash to close with a potential $0 down structure.
  • Value a payment with no monthly mortgage insurance compared to FHA or Conventional with MI.
  • Plan to live in the home as your primary residence (VA is not for second homes or pure investments).
  • Have income to support the payment and meet VA’s residual income and DTI expectations.

VA can be less ideal if you’re buying an investment or vacation home, or if you don’t meet eligibility requirements. In those cases, we’ll usually model Conventional or other options side-by-side.

How it works

Down payment, funding fee & closing cost basics

Down payment on VA loans

  • Many eligible borrowers can purchase with 0% down on a primary residence, if they qualify.
  • Bringing a down payment is still allowed and can lower the VA funding fee and overall cost.

VA funding fee (one-time cost)

  • The VA funding fee is a one-time charge that helps keep the program running.
  • The percentage depends on things like first-time vs. subsequent use, down payment amount, and branch of service.
  • In many cases, the funding fee can be rolled into the loan instead of paid in cash at closing.
  • Some Veterans with a service-connected disability rating and certain surviving spouses may be exempt from the funding fee.

Closing costs & seller credits

  • You’ll still have normal closing costs (taxes, insurance, title, etc.).
  • VA allows the seller and other parties to contribute toward closing costs and certain prepaid items, within VA limits.
  • We’ll look at how to structure seller credits, lender credits, and your cash so you’re not surprised on closing day.

The right move isn’t just “always roll the fee into the loan” or “always pay it in cash.” We’ll look at your timeline, payment comfort, and liquidity before deciding.

Approval basics

Credit, debt-to-income & residual income: what really matters

Credit profile

VA guidelines are often more forgiving than Conventional, especially with past credit bumps. Lenders typically have minimum score expectations, but the big picture matters: payment history, recent behavior, and overall stability. Cleaning up small issues can still improve your terms.

DTI & residual income

VA looks at your debt-to-income ratio (DTI) and something unique called residual income—how much is left over each month after debts and housing. The goal is to make sure you have enough margin for real life, not just the payment on paper.

You don’t need to memorize any of this. The goal is to understand the directional impact: steady income, reasonable debts, and a stable credit pattern generally open up better VA options.

Property & occupancy

What kinds of homes work well with VA?

VA loans are designed for primary residences and can be used on a variety of property types:

  • Single-family homes (detached houses)
  • Condos and townhomes in VA-eligible projects
  • Planned unit developments (PUDs)
  • 2–4 unit properties as long as you occupy one of the units
  • Some manufactured homes and other property types, subject to VA and lender guidelines

VA also has expectations around occupancy—typically that you intend to move into the home within a reasonable time frame and live there as your primary residence. We’ll walk through what that means for your specific situation (PCS orders, family plans, etc.).

Compare options

Pros & trade-offs vs. Conventional and FHA

Where VA often shines

VA loans can be hard to beat for eligible borrowers, especially when you want to protect cash and lower your payment:

  • $0 down financing on many primary homes, if you qualify.
  • No monthly mortgage insurance, unlike FHA or low-down Conventional.
  • Often more flexible around past credit events than Conventional.
  • Strong refinance tools down the road, like the VA IRRRL (streamline).
Where other options might fit better

Conventional or FHA may make more sense if you’re buying a second home or investment, or if you don’t have VA eligibility. Sometimes a buyer will use:

  • Conventional for non-primary or unique property types.
  • FHA when credit is heavily bruised and VA isn’t available or appropriate.
  • A mix of loan types over time as life and housing needs change.

When we build your plan, we’ll usually show VA and at least one alternative side-by-side, so you’re not guessing which program is “best”—you’ll see it in the numbers.

Real-world example

Active-duty buyer using VA with $0 down

Example scenario (for education only)

Imagine an active-duty service member with steady base pay and BAH, modest debts, and VA eligibility. They’d like to keep savings intact for PCS moves, emergencies, and long-term goals—not pour everything into a down payment.

In a case like this, we might compare:

  • VA with 0% down (with the funding fee financed into the loan)
  • VA with a small down payment to lower the funding fee and payment
  • Conventional with 3–5% down as a comparison point

Sometimes VA clearly wins on total payment and cash to close. Other times, a buyer may choose to bring some money down to improve long-term cost. The key is seeing how it plays out over a 5–7 year timeline, not just month one.

Next steps

What to have ready when we look at VA options

You don’t need a perfect file to start. But these items help us move quickly and give you clear, VA-specific numbers:

  • Service history details – branch, dates of service, discharge type.
  • COE (Certificate of Eligibility) – we can often help you pull this, or you can bring a copy if you have it.
  • Income details – LES/pay stubs, W-2s, any bonus or special pay we can use.
  • Assets – savings and reserves, even if you’re planning to use $0 down.
  • Comfortable payment range – what fits your real budget, not just your maximum approval.
  • Timeline & PCS considerations – when you plan to move in, how long you expect to keep the home.

Want to pressure-test the payment before we talk? You can use my mortgage payment calculator to rough in estimated payments at different price points, taxes, insurance levels, and rate scenarios. It’s for estimates only — we’ll still build your final VA plan using live pricing, funding fee details, and your full approval file.

The goal isn’t just “get approved.” It’s to use your VA benefit wisely and align the loan with your life, your family, and your future plans.

Smart questions

Questions to ask about any VA loan quote

As you compare VA options (and VA vs. other programs), these questions help cut through the noise:

  • What’s my total monthly payment, and what can change over time? (Taxes, insurance, HOA, and any future changes.)
  • How is my VA funding fee being handled? (Paid in cash, financed into the loan, or waived due to exemption.)
  • What does this look like over 5–7 years? (Not just what it costs to get in, but what it costs to stay.)
  • How does this VA option compare to FHA or Conventional for my actual numbers?
  • What are my options later if rates move or my situation changes? (IRRRL, full refinance, or staying put.)

If you can answer those clearly, you’re ahead of most buyers and making decisions with your eyes open.

Ready to see what a VA loan looks like for you?
We’ll take your service history, numbers, and comfort zone—and show you how VA compares to your other options in plain English.
This guide is for general educational purposes only and does not constitute a commitment to lend or a full summary of all program guidelines. Eligibility, terms, and pricing depend on your complete application, credit profile, property, and current program availability. VA loan benefits and requirements are set by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs and may change. All loans subject to approval. Equal Housing Lender.